Red dry wine

Red wine is a type of wine made from dark (black) grape varieties. The actual color of the wine can vary from intense violet, typical for young wines, to brick-red for mature wines, and brown for old red wines. The red color comes from anthocyanin pigments (also called anthocyanins), present in the grape skin. The history of wine dates back to ancient times. This grape beverage was known in the East, in Ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire even before our era. The oldest trace of wine was found in modern Iran and was 7500 years old. However, the results of archaeological excavations could not help determine from what time wine production began. In the Middle Ages, wine trade spreads all over Europe. From the 16th century, the first European vines were planted in America: in Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. "The Little Ice Age" marked a sad end for northern vine cultivation. The vine has disappeared from northern Germany and Baden, and the maximum height for viticulture has dropped to 220 meters. In England, the vine also disappeared. White grape varieties became preferred - even unripe, white grapes allowed to produce wine, which was a bit acidic, but still suitable for consumption, while red grapes did not give enough color, and tannins made the wine bitter. The 19th century was the golden age of wine. The industrial revolution made wines of better quality popular among the bourgeoisie. In 1872, the Geisenheim Institute for Viticulture was established, and it became a source of a large number of crossings, giving new grape varieties. The process of making red wine begins with crushing black grape berries. The resulting mass of juice with skin, pulp, and seeds goes to a stainless steel or concrete tank, or an oak tub for fermentation. Before fermentation begins, some winemakers age the must at a low temperature for several days. During this time, phenolic substances (tannins) and coloring substances of the grape skin go into the grape juice. Then fermentation takes place. It can occur naturally (with the help of yeasts contained on the grape skin) and by adding specially selected yeasts.

After maceration, the wine is racked or filtered. Red wine is aged from 3 months to 5 years in oak barrels.

Red wine is consumed neat or as an ingredient for cocktails or culinary items.